Alexander Herzen (1812 1870) was a prominent nineteenthcentury Russian social thinker and father of Russian socialism, Early in his intellectual development, Herzen was influenced by German idealist thinkers such as Schiller and Schelling. He believed in the autonomy and dignity of the individual and opposed forces, such as family and state, that oppressed the individual. Later, under the influence of French socialist thinkers such as Charles Fourier, Herzens thought became more radical. Herzen projected his earlier concern for the oppressed individual onto society at large and he became a supporter of socialism. The socialism he envisioned was a loose federation of selfgoverning communes. Only in such a system could the ideal society be achieved according to Herzen that society would be a free association of individuals which provided for the full flowering of each personality. Herzen initially placed his hopes for this future order in the European socialist movement. After the failure of the 1848 revolutions to achieve socialist principles, however, Herzen became disillusioned about European prospects and turned his attention to Russia. Herzen argued that socialist transformation would actually come first to Russia because communal institutions such as the peasant commune survived and bourgeois attitudes hadnt yet emerged. This sense of the advantages of Russian backwardness was influential among the Populists in the 1870s. Herzen has been called a gentry...

Binding: Paperback;632 pages; Publisher: Press Holdings International, Inc.; Classification: N/A; Weight: 677.92 g; Dimensions: N/A

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