Baltasar Graci&aacuten, in full Baltasar Graci&aacuten y Morales, (born January 8, 1601, Belmonte de Calatayud, Spain&mdashdied December 6, 1658, Tarazona), philosopher and writer known as the leading Spanish exponent of conceptism (conceptismo), a style of dealing with ideas that involves the use of terse and subtle displays of exaggerated wit.After studying at Calatayud and Zaragoza, Graci&aacuten entered the Jesuit order at the age of 18 and later became rector of the Jesuit college at Tarragona. His early works&mdashEl h&eacuteroe (1637 The Hero), El discreto (1646 The Compleat Gentleman), and El or&aacuteculo manual y arte de prudencia (1647 The Art of Worldly Wisdom A Pocket Oracle)&mdashwere largely efforts to educate people in the ethics of worldly life. His literary ideas on conceptism and the art of conceited writing (writing that continually shocks the reader by the use of startling metaphor) were clearly set forth in Agudeza y arte de ingenio (1642, 2nd ed. 1648 &ldquoSubtlety and the Art of Genius&rdquo). In defiance of his superiors, he published pseudonymously El critic&oacuten (1651, 1653, 1657 The Critick), a threepart philosophical novel considered by the 19thcentury German pessimistic philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer one of the most important books ever written. In it he examined society from the standpoint of a savage and gave the clearest statement of his pessimistic philosophy with its emphasis on willpower and struggle. (britannica.com)

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